Product Description
Background and Overview
L-Carnosine (CAS: 305-84-0) was first detected in beef by Russian scientists Gulewitsh and Amiradzibi in 1900. It is widely present in mammalian brain, muscle and other tissues with nerve distribution. The concentration in animals is about 1-20mmol/L, and its chemical name is: β-alanyl-L-histidine.
Preparation
A) prepare hydrazinolysis reaction solution, in the four-necked reaction flask of 1000ml, drop into phthaloyl-L-carnosine 50g (0.14mol), water 200ml, hydrazine hydrate (mass percent concentration is 80%) as intermediate 10.8g (0.17mol), heated to reflux for 1.0h, added acetic acid to adjust the pH of the material to 5.5, filtered to remove by-products, and obtained a hydrazinolysis reaction solution;
B) prepare L-carnosine, add 100ml of dichloromethane and 9.6g (0.09mol) of benzaldehyde to the hydrazinolysis reaction solution obtained in step A), stir at room temperature for 12h, the material is left to stand for stratification, and the dichloromethane is removed. The methane layer and the aqueous layer were washed twice with 50 ml of dichloromethane, and then 3 g of activated carbon and 25 ml of ammonia water (18%) were added, decolorized at 60°C for 0.5 h, filtered to remove the activated carbon, and the decolorized solution was concentrated in vacuo until a solid was precipitated, and 300 ml of methanol was added to crystallize, After stirring for 2.0 hours, the filter cake was dried at 100°C for 6 hours to obtain 28.6 g of L-carnosine product. Hydrazine residues were not detected in the product.
Application
The chemical nature of L-carnosine is derived from beta-alanine and L-histidine through the action of carnosine synthase. Carnosine has broad application prospects in medicine, health care, hygiene and other fields due to its antioxidant properties, free radical scavenging effects, chelation with transition metals, neuroprotection, wound healing promotion and anti-aging.
1. Application of carnosine in food industry
The main component of oil in food is a mixture of various fatty acid glycerides. Due to the free radical reaction of unsaturated fatty acid glycerides during storage, peroxides and odorous aldehydes or carboxylic acids with short carbon chains are generated. Therefore, eating foods containing fat peroxides will further promote lipid peroxidation in people's bodies and induce various diseases. Therefore, butylated hydroxyanisole, dibutylated hydroxytoluene, propyl gallate, etc. are often used in food processing and storage to prevent fat peroxidation, but their efficacy will be reduced in the heating process of food processing, and it has a certain toxicity. L-carnosine can not only effectively inhibit fat oxidation, but also has high safety and health care functions. Therefore, L-carnosine is a valuable and ideal food antioxidant.
2. Application of carnosine in medicine and health care
1) Carnosine and Antioxidant
Carnosine can not only use the imidazole ring N atom and peptide bond N atom on histidine residues to chelate metal ions and inhibit the fat oxidation caused by metal ions, but also the histidine on the side chain of carnosine has the ability to capture hydroxyl radicals. It can inhibit the oxidation of fat caused by non-metal ions. Therefore, as a multifunctional antioxidant active substance, carnosine can stably protect cell membranes and is a water-soluble free radical scavenger. , can prevent the peroxidation of the cell membrane. Compared with other biological antioxidants such as VC, carnosine has stronger antioxidant capacity. In addition to inhibiting the peroxidation process of the cell membrane, carnosine can also inhibit a series of other peroxidation reactions in the cell, that is, carnosine can inhibit every step of the oxidation reaction in the entire peroxidation chain in the organism. The role of antioxidants such as VC is to prevent free radicals from entering the tissue, that is, they can only prevent the liquid peroxidation process of the cell membrane, and can do nothing for the free radicals that have entered the cell.
2) Carnosine and gastric ulcer
Peptic ulcer is a global chronic digestive system disease. The specific factors that cause ulcers are still unclear, but pathology believes that aggressive factors (such as gastric acid, pepsin secretion, Helicobacter pylori infection) and preventive or cellular Caused by an imbalance of protective factors (mucus secretion, bicarbonate secretion, prostaglandin production). The natural protective mechanism of the stomach is: it forms a thick layer of gastric mucosa that functions as a defensive barrier to protect the cells in the lining. Continuous secretion of the mucous membrane protects the stomach, but excessive secretion can cause gastric ulcers. Studies have found that zinc-carnosine, taken with food, can effectively prevent ulcers. It can effectively maintain the integrity of the stomach and its natural protective mechanism. This is due to the antioxidant properties of carnosine, which stabilize the membrane, regulate Pharmacological properties of immune and repair tissues. According to clinical trials, after taking zinc-carnosine for eight weeks, 70% of the patients who took the drug showed significant improvement, and 65% of gastric ulcers were improved through gastroscopy.
3) Carnosine and immune regulation
Immune response is a physiological function that maintains homeostasis and is regulated by physiologically active substances in living organisms. Immunomodulators refer to the treatment of a class of diseases caused by immune dysfunction, and are used to restore the immune response, inhibit its abnormal decline or suppress its rapid response. Most of the existing immunomodulators are synthesized by chemical synthesis methods, which have certain toxic and side effects. Studies have shown that carnosine has immune regulation function, and it is the only physiologically active substance for immune regulation discovered so far. It has been widely used in the treatment of various immune diseases and diseases caused by abnormal immunity, such as serum diseases, lupus erythematosus, All kinds of rheumatism, etc. In addition, carnosine has a certain therapeutic effect on wound healing, early senile cataract, immature cataract, cervical erosion, liver disorder, myocardial insufficiency and other diseases.
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More Information:
Preparation & Application of Carnosine
Certificate of Analysis - Carnosine
Carnosine & Anti-Aging
Product Info | Carnosine
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